Wednesday 25 December 2019

Top Essay Samples Intermediate Tips!

Top Essay Samples Intermediate Tips! What You Must Know About Essay Samples Intermediate Browsing the internet you will discover millions of essay writing resources. Finding jobs, like selling Homeless Newspapers is apparently a common first step. Regardless of the ample number of substantial research materials and intelligent ideas, the essay may wind up flawed in the event the student doesn't have effective writing skills. Students have a challenging time in writing the essay only because they do not understand what approach they'll use. Learning about APA style will be an extremely rewarding experience for you, as you are going to be in a position to reply it in all your next writing assignments. Fantastic essay examples are amazingly helpful once you need to come across extra ideas of how expand your research. The Pain of Essay Samples Intermediate The samples will provide you with ideas on the way you answer the questions offered to you. It wasn't therefore simple to continue to keep regions together. There's numerous essays completed by them. To structure an essay, you should simply adhere to the above mentioned format. The simplest approach to fix the sort of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. You must compose a reflective essay that is simple to comprehend and you can do it by employing simple language. Your paragraphs do not connect one another's meaning along with the whole thought of your essay may be incomprehensible. Emphasize your position is the very best by summarizing the key points of your argument. So far as essay structure goes, a 4 or 5 paragraph essay based on the number of points you might want to argue is a great start. What you should do is to talk about the topic. The admissions folks will need to find a very clear and sensible reason behind your urge to transfer. Essentially, they want to know why their school is of particular interest to you. Usually, students aren't encouraged to express own ideas and give own assessments. Most students think that it is the lack of desire to complete assignments that causes the using of writing services. A great college essay isn't just persuasive, it's a piece which highlights the proper attitude to the college, the personal aspirations and the vision the student has once they get in the school. Our writers are specially vetted and trained to guarantee they work diligently to fulfill all your requirements. It's important the student has the capability to develop a thesis statement that's fitting with their objectives. The student ought to be in a place to share their values and dreams they aspire to achieve as soon as they get the opportunity to get in the college in the discussion. The One Thing to Do for Essay Samples Intermediate One of the major aspects about a college essay is, it needs to be grammatically coherent. Examples of college essays can be rather helpful. There are various types of essays within college essays. Descriptive college essays are quite popular among professors and students.

Tuesday 17 December 2019

A Dance of the Forest - 4738 Words

The Drama of Existence: Myths and Rituals in Wole Soyinka’s Theatre Rosa Figueiredo, Polytecnic of Guarda, Portugal Abstract: The citation for Soyinka’s 1986 Nobel prize for literature reads: â€Å"Who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones, fashions the drama of existence†. The â€Å"wide cultural perspective† mentioned refers to the fact that Soyinka’s writings, especially the dramas for which he is best known, are at once deeply rooted in traditional African expressive and performance forms like myths and rituals, dance and mime, music and masquerade and are also greatly influenced by such diverse Western dramatic and theatrical modes as classical Greek drama, Shakespearean and Jacobean theatre, and modern European and American†¦show more content†¦It centred on a conception of the medium as ritual, the only means whereby societal or the collective consciousness could be impacted. Soyinka shared a Jungian concept of myth and ritual as the natural effluence of man’s yearning for spiritual meaning in life. He understood ritual to denot e the communicative aspect of culturally defined sets of behaviour or customs, a much wider interpretation of the term than that by Aristotle or Nietzsche. He averred that the dramatic performance of a recognizable rite, a rite drawn from the mythical heritage of the community, forces the active participation of members of the community in the ritual. Through submergence in the ritual members of the community emerge with a new consciousness of themselves as individuals and as a collective. Soyinka, therefore, used the ritual format to express his consciousness of socio-political imperatives, precisely because of its communal or audience affective qualities. Thus, the playwright envisaged the consequent awakening of communal consciousness to be the preliminary step towards change or action. The scope of this paper – which does not claim to be exhaustive – is to explore some elements connected with the dramaturgy of A Dance of the Forests, thus showing how Soyinka experi ments with ritual and theatrical idioms by drawing upon what he calls the â€Å"aesthetic matrix† of his own Yoruba culture (orShow MoreRelatedSample Resume : Dance Review Form965 Words   |  4 PagesDance Review Form Instructions 1. Your WOTA instructor will have provided you with details on the event and what they expect for proof of attendance. It would be a good idea to have this review form handy so that you know the questions you’ll be answering. Give yourself enough time to attend the gallery and view all of the works contained, before you choose the one you want to review. 2. Do not try to write this review during the event, but you may want to jot down some impressions on the programRead MoreManipur Tourism1748 Words   |  7 Pagesto keep a watch while he danced the Ras with Radha and Gopis. Parvati on seeing Shiva protecting a particular spot was curious to see what Shiva was protecting. On her insistence, Shiva permitted her to see the Ras. She was so enamored by Krishna’s dance that she decided to perform the Ras with Shiva. Shiva searched for a place high and low for a beautiful and a secluded place for dancing the Ras with Parvati. He saw Manipur surrounded by mountains, its beautiful valleys covered by a sheet of waterRead MoreMy Experience While Watching The Oklahoma Festival Ballet Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesBallet is an ancient dance that was popularized by Catherine de Medici and has its roots in France. At the beginning it was used as a way to get political power and was only used by aristocrats; however, as the world evolved ballet evolved it spread out and covered a wider range of appreciators, that were enchanted by the glamorous, vibrant and at the same time soft steps that this dance interprets. As it evolved, it lived different periods where the costumes, themes and style of dance changed; but forRead MoreThe 19th Century1305 Words   |  6 PagesBallet in 1829 and became the pupil of Perrot in 1833. In 1841, she joined the Paris Opera Ballet and danced the lead in Giselle. She became a prominent romantic era ballerina. She retired in 1853 and she was known to wear the first blocked slipper to dance on pointe. Pas de Quatre dancer. The third dancer of this time was Lucille Grahn (1819- 1907) Danish dancer that studied with August Bournonville and danced the title role in his first production of La Sylphide. In 1839, she joined the Paris OperaRead MoreHonduras773 Words   |  4 Pagesbefore. The country of Honduras is full of all different kinds of land types including; wetlands, mountains and tro pical rain forests. The Olancho Forest Reserve, which is the largest pine forest in Latin America, is also located in Honduras. The Olancho Forest Reserve is about the same size of Connecticut. Despite having a large forest reserve, Honduras has lost 30% of its forests in the past 25 years (Culture Grams,2005). Honduras is made up of mostly mountains and is the only country in Latin AmericaRead MoreThe Origin Of The People Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesmodern humans on Earth. There are around 15 different ethnic groups and languages that live close to the 30,000 members of the Aka tribe. Taking a closer view of the tribe, the Aka subsistence methods are extremely effective. The residents see the forest as a â€Å"kindly personal god,† (Hewlett) who gives for their needs by the resources of its fruits and vegetables. The tropical rainforest’s most distinctive feature is that it is amazingly great in the variety of species. The Aka people’s nickname, PygmyRead MoreWays That Golding Presents the Island in Lord of the Flies837 Words   |  4 Pagessomething terrible will happen by describing the storm that’s developing. The air’s â€Å"ready to explode† and the clouds â€Å"brooded†. The storm reaches a climax during the dance - the air is â€Å"dark and terrible†, with the â€Å"explosion† of lighting. After Simon’s death, Golding creates a very peaceful atmosphere to contrast with the frenzied dance and to emphasise Simon’s innocent and spiritual nature. The island is like the Garden of Eden, which is the perfect place in the bible where Adam and Eve live untilRead MoreThe Arrow s Black Poison1425 Words   |  6 PagesLaerune.† â€Å"You won t.† Most would be worried if they found themselves in Lithien. They believe that the forest is evil, but there is a bit that is not and it is protected by the Saleth Elves. Lithien, once was a great forest north of the Erutan Mountains. But, once evil begin to lurk in the forest’s shadows, the once great wood begin to perish and become sick. Only a few leaves are green, the forest stuck in an eternal fall until the next phase comes and turns it into winter, leaving it to die. I takeRead MoreA Brief Note On The State Of Veracruz951 Words   |  4 PagesThe state of Veracruz is very famous because of its beaches, Carnaval, and some other celebration that they feature with music, dances, and parades. Most of the descendants from Otomi people who lived there before Hernan Cortes came and declared himself as the founder of that district still live there. The Otomi are the fifth largest indigenous group in Mexico. This district is in the eastern Mexico, it bordered by the districts of Tamaulipas to the north, Puebla to the southwest, San Luis PotosiRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1738 Words   |  7 Pagesfollows her father catching her dancing in a forest with her cousin, Abigail Williams, and other girls who live in the town. Many come to believe that the source of Betty s condition is from witchcraft, an unlawful act in Salem. The discovery of the situation in the Parris household triggers people to accuse one another of practicing witchcraft. Abigai l takes the lead in the accusations and is followed by many of the girls who were with her in the forest. Following these accusations are a series of

Monday 9 December 2019

Quality Management and Customer Services

Question: Discuss about theQuality Management and Customer Services. Answer: Introduction The most significant part of a business is the customer. The company profit and success depend on the customers. The companys products and services are used by a customer only. He is going to judge the quality of the product and services. Hence, it becomes very important to retain old customers and also make new ones for the growth of the business. A businesses aiming at success should emphasize on the quality of their product rather than quantity. There is no dearth of competitors in todays scenario (Aguwa, Monplaisir, Turgut, 2012). Customer returns to an organization when he gets what he paid for. Quality is an important feature that an organization should not ignore at any cost. A business is successful when it has buyers for its products and services and customer come back for the product when they get good quality and customer services (Alhawari, 2015). Findings Types of Customers Customers are the one who ultimately pays for the products and services a company produces or serves. Customers can be divided into two segments, and they are as follows;- An Internal Customer- an internal customer can be defined as the people who are directly connected to the organization. These customers are usually an internal part of the organization for example stakeholders, employees, shareholders, creditors, and suppliers. They are known as internal customers because they are internally associated with the company and purchasing its products also (Bharadwaj, Nevin, Wallman, 2012). An External Customer- anyone who is not a part of the company and purchases the product and services of a company is known as the external customer of that company. External customers are the most important customers for a company as they provide the stream of revenue to the company through their purchases. If external customers get satisfied with the product then they repeat their purchases and also refer the companys products and services to others (Bourne, 2016). Customer-Driven Quality The customers opinion of satisfaction starts before the purchase and continues even after the sale of the product. Whatever the case is, the customer has a positive opinion or a negative opinion towards the product and services the company will try to maintain a healthy relationship with its customers. If the company is meeting the customers expectations, then this relationship will bring confidence, loyalty and build trust for the company from the customer. This relationship is known as customer-driven quality (Chris Adalikwu, 2012). When a company tries to exceed the customers expectation and develop awareness regarding changing trends of the market including the technological advances, customer-driven quality becomes important. A customer feedback allows a company to come up to the exceptional level in meeting the expectations of the customer. The needs of customers change regularly, and it becomes necessary for the company to be in touch with their customer to learn about their c hanging needs and, then provide them with it (Dalla Pozza, 2014). Customer Relationship Management (CRM) To improve the relationship between the customer and the company Customer Relationship Management plays a very important role. It refers to the strategies, technologies, and practices that a company applies to mange and analyzes the customer data throughout the lifecycle of the customer. It aims at retaining the customers, driving sales growth, and improving the relationship with the customers (Ha Stoel, 2008). Mainly a companys CRM policy contains four aspects, and they are as follows:- Complaint Resolution- if any customer has a problem or dissatisfaction with companys product and services, then it is logged, investigated, and resolved, this formal procedure is known as Complaint Resolution. The main goal of such a practice is to satisfy a dissatisfy customer. Though complaints are not the most liked thing from a companys point of view, it gives an idea about the wants, opinions, requirements, and viewpoints (Jarrah, 2015). Feedback- a process of obtaining customers opinion and viewpoint regarding a product, services, or the business is known as customers feedback. Getting a customers feedback is very important for a company as it helps to provide the manufacturers, marketers, and business owners with a vision that what they can do to make their business, product, and services better (Jones Ranchhod, 2007). Guarantees-a marketing tool that companies are using a lot is a service guarantee. It helps in reducing customers risk perception, differentiate a service offering, signal quality product and services, and professionalize the internal management customer service recovery. By giving service guarantee to the customers, the company promises one or more types of compensation. Like refund, credit, or replacement in case of any problem arise in the product or services. Though there are some conditions attached with these compensations. Corrective Actions- corrective action means having a systematic investigation by the company to find the root causes of the complaints that a customer has brought and later attempting to prevent such reoccurrence (Jung Yoo, 2016). Is the Customer Always Right? This motto is being taught to every business man that customer is always right, but in some circumstances, the customer can be wrong also. Always practicing the motto of the customer being always right may affect the services provided to rest of the customers and the employees working for the company. Sometimes unreasonable customers waste the finite resources of the company by putting up unreasonable demands and services. If a company continues to listen to these unreasonable problems, then it will never be able to develop and get advance because it will be busy solving senseless problems of the customers. It is better to have few reasonable customers than many unreasonable ones. It is because they will never get satisfied and will harm the companys name by criticizing it (La Yi, 2015). Moment of Truth Every customer comes with a frame of mind as to what he wants to purchase. It is the interaction between the employee and the customer that makes the sale a success or a failure. As per J. Carlzon, a famous management author, it is just the first fifteen seconds of conversation between the employee and the customer that makes or breaks the sale. And this conversation is out of an organizations hands. The front-line employees have such interactions with the potential customers. Thus the reputation that a customer creates in his mind about a company is in the hands of the front-line employees. This is the moment of truth that every company has to learn and also try to make it a success (Liang, 2013). Customer Lifetime Value The predicted value that a company will earn through the whole relationship with a customer is known as customer lifetime value. There is no certainty of how long each relationship between a customer and the company will pursue. Therefore, an estimated customer lifetime value is taken out as per the periodic value. For example, a certain customer will be there for a year or two years. The customer lifetime value changes the thinking of the management of the company regarding customer acquisition. Customer lifetime value helps in optimizing the spending on acquisition for maximum value rather than thinking about acquiring a lot of customer at minimum cost (Mann, 2011). Customer Satisfaction A company manufactures a product or services to meet the needs and expectation so the customers. The marketing term used, to sum up the level the product succeeded is known as customer satisfaction. The level of customer satisfaction is important to measure because it helps the marketers, manufacturers, and business owners to understand the customer needs and expectations and this information help them in improving their business. As per a survey including around two hundred senior marketing managers, 71% of them responded that customer satisfaction metric help them a lot in managing and monitoring their businesses (Morgen, 2012). The reasons for the importance of customer satisfaction are as follows: - Customer satisfaction metric is the best indicator of customers loyalty and repurchase intentions. Customer satisfaction metric helps in reducing the customer stirring. Customer satisfaction increases the customer satisfaction value Customer satisfaction decreases the negative publicity of the product. Customer retention cost lower than acquiring new ones (Ramaj Ismaili, 2015). Quality Gap Analysis A management technique that measures the performance standards set by the business with the measures of the performance being delivered by the company is known as a quality gap analysis. To improve companys performance, a quality gap analysis is very important. It is an effective method that keeps track of various aspects of business, including product quality and the service levels to customers. The feedback of the customers is taken by contacting them, and the data is quantified to make it measurable. The companies are usually judged by the market, competition, and customers. Companies who want to succeed or are already successful and wanted to maintain it take great care in measuring their performance level (Sethia, 2010). Dealing with Customer Complaints No matter how well streamlined a business is, customer complaints are inevitable. It is important that the complaints are addressed and assessed effectively. If a complaint is ignored or dismissed then this way a company is telling its customer that their opinion is of no value. Business owners can take complaint management as a frustrating and time-consuming process, but if an efficient system is developed, then complaints can be resolved very easily (Aguwa, Monplaisir, Turgut, 2012). The guide to deal the customer complaints is given below:- Taking the Complaints- Step back when a customer makes a complaint Before responding give time and full attention to customer to fully explain his problem Do not come to a conclusion very quickly Only one efficient person should handle the situation. Finding a Solution Apologize for the problem even if mistake is not from the companys side Dont give excuses Compensation can be requested to solve the matter (Alhawari, 2015). Active Customer Retention The percentage of customers who were active (made purchases of the product) in a year at some date and expected to be active in the coming year also is known as the retention rate. If the measured retention rate comes to be 87%, then it is good, and if comes out to be somewhere 35% then tends to be a bad retention rate. Retention rate is calculated by taking all the customers in accordance, not an individual. If a company comes to know about its retention rate, then, it can make improvements required in the products and services to increase the retention rate. As specified before in the report, it is cheaper to retain customers than getting new ones (Bharadwaj, Nevin, Wallman, 2012). Customer on a Supply Chain Customers are the most important link in the formation of the supply chain. When a company determines the ways of configuring the supply chain then maximum ways lead to the customer. Most cost effective suppliers will be searched by buyers to provide customers the best value product, and innovative partners will be searched to offer customers the best product. The customers act as the key of the supply chain and their values, opinions, and needs will affect the decision a buyer make regarding suppliers, partners and another part of the supply chain (Bourne, 2016). Conclusion The customers are the most important part of all the business because without them a business cannot see success and gain profit. It is necessary for the company to understand the needs and expectations of the customer. Once a company understands the customers need it will be able to be a success in the market. The report here consists of various parts through which a company comes to know about what a customer want and expects. Hence, by using all these measures a company can run smoothly and successfully amongst its customers. Recommendations Recommendations for the improvement in the measures discussed in the report: - Regular customer feedback is important for the company as it help in improving the products and services the company is selling. Surveys, questionnaires can be given to customers to fill and give their valuable suggestions With the new technology, feedbacks can be taken through social websites. A complaint department can be a useful addition to a company. Special discounts and offer could be given to customers those who provided their feedback to the company. Satisfied customers feedback can be displayed in the companys websites to attract more customers Customers can be asked to suggest the product to other customer and a gift can be given to the suggesting customer for referral. All the companies should regularly access their products and services regarding improvements required in them. Training to the front-line employees should be given by the company as they are the one that makes a sale success of a failure. The feedback of both the internal and the external customers are important. References Aguwa, C., Monplaisir, L., Turgut, O. (2012). Voice of the customer: Customer satisfaction ratio based analysis.Expert Systems With Applications,39(11), 10112-10119. Alhawari, S. (2015). An empirical study on customer retention and customer loyalty.International Journal Of Information Systems And Change Management,7(3), 183. Bharadwaj, N., Nevin, J., Wallman, J. (2012). Explicating Hearing the Voice of the Customer as a Manifestation of Customer Focus and Assessing its Consequences.Journal Of Product Innovation Management,29(6), 1012-1030. Bourne, P. (2016). Customer Satisfaction of Policing the Jamaican Society: Using SERVQUAL to Evaluate Customer Satisfaction.J Healthc Commun,1(3). Chris Adalikwu,. (2012). Customer relationship management and customer satisfaction.African Journal Of Business Management,6(22). Dalla Pozza, I. (2014). Customer experiences as drivers of customer satisfaction.Gestion 2000,31(3), 115. Ha, S. Stoel, L. (2008). Promoting customer-retailer relationship building: influence of customer trustworthiness of customer loyalty programme marketing.Journal Of Customer Behaviour,7(3), 215-229. Jarrah, M. (2015). Evaluation of Electronic Customer Knowledge Mediating by Electronic Customer Attraction on Electronic Customer Acquisition.International Journal Of Customer Relationship Marketing And Management,6(3), 33-47. Jones, S. Ranchhod, A. (2007). Marketing strategies through customer attention: beyond technology-enabled Customer Relationship Management.International Journal Of Electronic Customer Relationship Management,1(3), 279. Jung, J. Yoo, J. (2016). Customer-to-customer interactions on customer citizenship behavior.Serv Bus. La, S. Yi, Y. (2015). A Critical Review of Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty, Relationship Marketing, and Customer Relationship Management.Kmr,30(1), 53. Liang, P. (2013). Exit and Voice: A Game-theoretic Analysis of Customer Complaint Management.Pacific Economic Review,18(2), 177-207. Mann, D. (2011). Capturing the voice of the customer before the customer knows what they want: TRIZ, spiral dynamics, and the fourth turning.Procedia Engineering,9, 573-581. Morgen, B. (2012). Voice biometrics for customer authentication.Biometric Technology Today,2012(2), 8-11. Ramaj, A. Ismaili, R. (2015). Customer Relationship Management, Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty.AJIS. Sethia, N. (2010). Shaping The New Corporate Voice: The Challenge of Heeding Customer Voice.Design Management Journal (Former Series),6(1), 34-38.

Sunday 1 December 2019

U.S. Foreign Policy Choices in the Cases of Syria and Libya

Introduction and the identification of the problem The interaction of countries in the international system is often determined by several factors. As opined in theories of international relations like realism, nations often seek to secure their interests when interacting or advancing a number of courses in the international system.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on U.S. Foreign Policy Choices in the Cases of Syria and Libya specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The question that is asked and which forms the basis of argument by most commentators of the international political economy is the reason why countries uses different approaches when formulating and pursuing foreign policy goals in different regions. This is one of the most debated issues in the assessment of the foreign policy goals and approaches in relation to the developments in Libya and the contemporary political developments in Syria. A differen ce has been noted in the United States policy approaches to Libya and the kind of approach that the United States is taking in addressing the developments in Syria. A critical question that comes out here concerns the factors that drive the United State to pursue a given course in a given country or region. A number of commentators point to the fact that both internal (country-derived) factors, as well as external factors (the forces that emerge on the international stage) determine the approaches of foreign policy by the United States and can be applied to the case of foreign policy response in Libya and Syria by the United States. The two cases present a similar situation; Libyans were fighting to remove a dictator from power, which is the same thing that is happening in Syria. It is expected that the United States could have taken a more similar approach due to the similarity of the cases. The response of the United States to the political development in Libya was quite fast. The United States responded directly by offering direct support to the opposition that was amounting against the late Moammar Gadhafi. On the other hand, the United States seems to be quite careful in as far as its direct actions in Syria are concerned. The United States has often been at the forefront in pressing for democracy in the Middle East reason.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, it is questionable whether the United States really seeks to promote democracy in the world or whether it just makes use of democracy as a tool for pursuing its deeper seated interest in the region. Therefore, what makes the United States quite inactive when it comes to the issue of autocracy in Syria? Why is it that the United States finds it easier to pursue its course in other countries while it becomes quite daunting for the country to advance its interests in other coun tries? This is what the research seeks to bring out. The research seeks to borrow from the theories of international relations in explaining the relations between the United States and other countries. Of greater relevance in the research is the exploration of the foreign policy of the United States in relation to the developments in Libya and Syria and the reasons why there is a variation in the approach in both countries that present a situation that is alike. The United States has often been seen taking an active role in a number of countries in the Middle East region, which has ended up changing the course of political events in those countries. Can similar approaches be applied in the Syria and what reasons are making the United States not to deploy the similar active strategies such as the ones it applied to Libya in Syria? This is a broad question that can only be responded to by the virtue of studying the models of pursuing foreign policy goals and the guiding factors in eac h approach that are taken by the United States in pursuing its foreign policy in diverse regions in the world. How do the domestic and international factors play out in the formulation and execution of the foreign policies by the United States and how have they played out differently in Libya and Syria. Are the strategies of the United States in Syria impeded more by the internal factors and interest of the United States or are they affected by other players in the international scene. Topic Description (Literature) Duncan, Jancar-Webster, and Switky (2008) observed that there are several theories that were advanced to help in explaining the nature of events in the international political economy. The relation between states can no longer be avoided, especially in the globalized world where there is a lot of cross-national and cross regional transactions across the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on U.S. Foreign Policy Choices in the Cases of Syri a and Libya specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, of greater interest to political economists is the observation and analysis of the manner in which states relate to each other in the international system. States advances their relations with other states through their foreign policies. Foreign policy goals are developed according to the kind of development on the international stage and the interest of a given country in the matter that prevails on the international stage. It is important to echo the systems theory, which attributes the world to a system in which countries are parts or rather the sub-systems of the larger system. According to the theory of realism that was developed by Hans Morgenthau, countries are the main actors in the international system. Morgenthau opined that nation states are the main actors when it comes to the affairs in the international system and that there is no greater actor than nation states in t he international system. The pessimism in this theory, which is perhaps the true definition of relations between states in the international system is that states often act to protect, pursue and advance their interests in all developments that take place in the international system. Therefore, the development of the foreign policy goals and strategies of states is guided by the interests of that state. This finds justification in most of the actions that have been advanced by states in as far as the interaction between states in the international system. It should be noted that realism centers on the issue of power and its accolades as a driving force for the interest of states in the international system. Power is founded in a number of activities among them the pursuance of economic development that acts as one of the main derivatives of power in the international system (Jackson Sà ¸rensen, 2007). Whether this applies to the United States is a question that can only be answere d by looking at the nature of foreign policy goals and strategies that have been pursued by the United States in the world. The United States is considered as the super power, having taken charge due to the collapse of the bipolar system during the cold war period.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The weakening and disintegration of the Soviet Union resulted in the Emergence of the United States as the most powerful nation state in the world, in what is referred to as the unipolar global order. Therefore, as a superpower the United States is seen as the epicenter of most of the developments that take place in different regions of the world (Jackson Sà ¸rensen, 2007). As a superpower, the main challenge of the United States is the maintenance of its dominance by ensuring that the unipolar system is protected. This is the reason as to why the United States is termed as the world police because it keeps looking into any issue or development that takes place anywhere in the world with the objective of protecting, safeguarding and advancing interests in the place where the developments take place. However, in doing so the United States comes in contact with other countries in the international scene that are also determined to safeguard their interests. Therefore, what comes out in such situations is referred to as the conflict of interests, where each country has to act in a certain way so as not to cause friction with other players in a similar matter (Jackson Sà ¸rensen, 2007). The issue of the response of the United States to the situation in Syria can be termed as an example of a situation where there are multiple interests, where different players are also interested in the development. Payne (2007) observed that for more than two decades now, the theory of international relations has been overtaken by the argument between the neorealists and the opponents of neorealism. Most of the arguments revolve around the organization of the international system and its impacts on the patterns of outcomes in the international system such as peace and war. Thus scholars have been divided over the real essence of a multipolar and the bipolar system in as far as the maintenance of order on the international system is concerned. Neorealism attempts to explain the results of the interactions that prevail between and among states in the international system. It is one of the most vocal theories of international politics that attempts to explain the nature of relations between states in the international system and how politics plays out in the interaction between states in the international system (Palmer Morgan, 2011). According to Palmer and Morgan (2011), the interaction of states in the international system is an eminent thing, thence, neorealists make an attempt to explain the factors that play out in the interaction between states and the results of such interactions. The action and motivations of individual countries in the international political arena is what is explored by the neorealists. However, neorealism does not seem to bring out fully the behaviors, actions and motivation of individual countries in international politics. This is the reason as to why foreign policy theories are used to fill the vacuum that is left by the the ories of international politics like neorealism. In the theories of foreign policy, the behavior of individual states is often taken as a dependent variable in the explanation of the outcomes of the relations between states in the international system (Palmer Morgan, 2011) Theories of foreign policy attempt to explain what states seek to achieve with the transnational system and how they try to achieve it. It is argued that the foreign policy goals of countries are based on internal, as well as the external factors, all of which are critical in the pursuance of foreign policy goals by countries in the international system. However, a balance often lacks in the interplay of the external and internal factors in determining the foreign policy goals and actions of states in international affairs. The extent to which the internal or external factors play out strongly is dependent on the strategic issues that stand in the external, as well as the internal environment. The strategic issue s in the external environment are most commonly determined by other players and their interest and position in the same matter. Foreign policy goals, interests and strategies can only be understood though the exploration of the real foreign policy choices that is arrived at and upheld by individual states in international affairs (Bandyopadhyaya, 2004). The rationale behind this observation above is that foreign policy is an active process that is molded upon the prevailing situation in the international system and the position and interests of the individual state at that point in time. This implies that countries can shift their foreign policy goals and strategies depending on the prevailing development and the nature of actors that are actively involved in that given situation in international politics. Therefore, goals and interest can shift depending on the situation and the possible outcomes of the nature of intervention in that situation. What should be noted when talking abo ut international politics and the development of foreign policy goals and strategies by individual states is that interests may prevail in any situation; however, the external situation may necessitate the individual state to act in a given manner. This is because the international political arena has a lot of actors and the strategies of an individual country are often affected by the strategies and interest of other actors in the same matter (Bandyopadhyaya, 2004). Several schools of thought have been advanced in order to explain the interplay of domestic and external factors in foreign policy. One such school of thought is the innenpolitik theories. These theories advance more on the role of internal factors in the development of foreign policy. The formulation of foreign policy goals by states is dependent on the domestic policies and goals of states. The domestic goals portray the internal needs of states that guide the interests of the state in the international system. Whethe r this is the order of foreign policy choices by states remains to be rhetoric, especially when the issue of power in the international system is concerned. According to moralists, power often corrupts the minds of states, making them to act irrationally in order to secure interest in the international system (Brown, 2000). It sometimes becomes difficult to measure the level of irrationality or rationality in the issues of foreign policy on a particular issue when there is a diverse locus of interests. Defensive realism opines that the behaviors of states in the international system are driven by systemic factors. However, not all patterns of behavior by states in the international system are dictated by the systemic factors. This paves way for the advancement of other schools of thought like neoclassical realism, which attempt to incorporate internal and external factors in the formulation and execution of foreign policy by states (Dunne, 2007). Neoclassical realism is advanced fro m classical realism and broadens the scope of the arguments that were presented by classical realists concerning the adherents of states in formulating foreign policy. The proponents of the neorealist class of thought argue that the scope of an individual country’s foreign policy is determined by the position of the country in the international system. Power capabilities are among the key driving forces in as far as the determination of the position of a country and its influence and position in the international system is concerned. However, the impact of power capabilities of individual states in the international system is quite complex. The complexity resonates from the fact that there are a lot of intervening variables that affect the pursuance of power by an individual state in the international system (Lobell, Ripsman Taliaferro, 2009). The relative material power determines the level of assertion of a country in international politics through foreign policy. Power gi ves a country the strength to pursue its course in as far as order and interests in the international system are concerned. However, there is no constancy in the linkage between power and the pursuance of foreign policy (Payne, 2007). According to Flibbert (2006), foreign policy goals come from the political process that is shaped by the politics of a country. The political set up of a country play a substantive role in shaping the foreign policy of a country. For instance, the issue of the political regime and leadership, played a resounding role in pursuing a foreign policy that saw the United States invade Iraq. The United States political regime under the leadership of the then president George Bush was so much determined to go ahead with the plans of invasion, in spite of the sentiments from other players in the global scene like the United Nations that were against such a move. Therefore, what really pushed the United States government to activate such a move (Schmidt William s, 2008)? The possibility of the stopping the United States at that point in time was put in jeopardy by the mere fact that the United States sought to exercise its absolute power. The support from other players on the international stage is said to have backed the United States, thence, enabling it to go ahead with its strategy of invading Iraq and removing Saddam Hussein from power. The issue of interest in the case was justified by the fact that the claims that were made by the United States came out negative. There were no weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, yet the United States government solidly stood behind that point and used it as a key point for advancing its invasion of Iraq. However, it can be said that there was an international push for the political regime in the country to advance actions to show that it was responding to the growing global insecurity and the threat of terrorism in the country (Schmidt Williams, 2008). There is a belief by moralists that the compr ehension of power and its linkage with policy needs a comprehensive inner look into the context within which states formulate and implement foreign policy goals. This leads to the assumption that the process of formulating and implementing foreign policy by states in the international system is complex and that states have to assess the issues of power balance in the international system prior to implementing several foreign policy strategies. Power is relative and cannot be the main basis on which a country makes decisions in the international system (Payne, 2007). A country has to consider a ray of other factors, considering the fact that the contemporary international system is quite dynamic and that the interests of states keep changing with time. There is also what is referred to as the balancing of risks while referring to the actions of the powerful states in removing rogue regimes in the developing countries. States often act with caution while advancing such steps because o f the presumed pressures that emanate from the other peripheries of power in the international system. A country has to moderate its approach to such an issue in cases where there seems to be an interplay of several actors that can result in conflict between actors if cautions steps are not taken by a given actor. This has a close relation to the perceived continued war for the balance of power in the international system and the issue of proxy wars. Therefore, the application of containment strategies depicts a situation where the major players in the international system make attempts to exercise their scales of power and influence in the international system. Therefore, each power has to pay attention to other main players in as far as the application of containment strategies in a given country is concerned (Taliaferro, 2004). Research Question Hypothesis (Methodology) This paper seeks to bring out the issue that guide the formulation and implementation of foreign policy goals and strategies by countries while responding to the issues in the international system. This is a secondary research paper that is based on literature to explain the foreign policy choices and the theoretical underpinnings in the foreign policy choices. The paper seeks to bring out a comprehensive and concise argument about the nature of foreign policy choices of the United States in relation to its response to the political situation that occurred in Libya and the political situation in Syria. Hypothesis: The United States’ foreign policy choices are highly motivated by the domestic interests and shaped by the domestic forces. Alternative Hypothesis: The foreign policy choices of the United States on the situation in Syria have been greatly affected by the external situation; the interests of other countries like Iran, Russia and China in Syria. Research questions This research seeks to answer two main questions: To what level do domestic and external interests in impact on the response of the United States to the political situation in Libya and Syria? What justifies the variation between the foreign policy choices of the United States to the political developments in Libya and Syria? Detailed outcome description The paper carries out a comparative analysis of the foreign policy of the United States in two countries that present a similar internal political situation. These are Syria and Libya. What is sought for in this paper is a comparison between the factors that influences the nature of foreign policy goals and strategies in response to the two situations that present in Libya and Syria. Of great importance in this research is the incorporation of the theories of international relations in explaining the interplay of issues as is presented on the nature of responses by the United States in both countries. The two countries that are presented in this research come from the same region of the Middle East region. However, there is a total variatio n in the manner in the way the United States develops and implements foreign policy choices in Libya and the way it is approaching the situation in Syria. Therefore, the outcome of this research seeks to explain how domestic and external forces play out in shaping the actions of the United States in Libya and the actions of the United States in Syria. The direct action of the United States in Libya was facilitated by the high interest of the United States in the country and the support of other international players like the Arab league. Both the internal and external factors steered the direct response of the United States and its actions that resulted in the ousting of the authoritative political regimes in the country. This will be expounded in the discussion. In the case of Syria, there seems to be less motivation for the United States to act. This is caused by the factor that there is a stronger interplay of external factors in the country. It is argued that Syria and its posit ion in the region attracts several other competitors of the United States like Iran, Russia and China, which bars the United States from taking a direct approach in responding to the situation in the country. This will also be explored in the discussion. Thus, it can be said that the foreign policy choices of states among them the United States is determined by domestic forces and shaped by the prevailing factor in the external environment; international system. This is evident in the comparative exploration of the US Foreign policy choices in Libya and Syria. However, it should be noted that the political situation in Syria is still active and there is a possibility of a shift in the foreign policy goals and strategies. The shift is dependent on the change in the interest of the countries that have an interest in Syria and the actions of the international players like the Arab League and its intervention in the situation. Comparative Analysis and Discussions As observed in the lite rature, the exploration of the political developments and actions of states in international relations is founded on the theories of international relations. Among the theories are the theories of realism and its resultant theories like neo liberalism that seek to justify the issue of power and interest in the international system and how they affect the choices and responses of states to the political events in the international system. There is also the theory of foreign policy that seeks to explain the basis on which foreign policy choices are arrived at by the states. According to the literature, both internal factors and external situations influence the choice of strategies by states when they are pursuing their interests in the international system. Therefore, these theories can be aptly applied in explaining the variation of the United States foreign policy strategies in Libya and Syria. The difference between Syria and Libya Syria presents a political situation where the ci vilians have been increasingly subjected to the brutality of the political regime in the country under the leadership of president Bashar al-Assad. The atrocities against the civilians have been caused by the rising opposition against the political regime in the country by the civilians. While the talks on how to intervene and rescue the citizens from the humanitarian situation that prevails in the country, a lot of political commentators ask questions about the reason as to why the political developments in Syria have not attracted the kind of intervention by Arab allies and NATO as was witnessed in Libya. The international response to the political situation in Syria has been quite limited, even amidst the increased scale of violence and calls for intervention in the political situation in the country. Diplomatic censures of the foreign ambassadors and the withdrawal of a number of Syrian envoys in a substantial number of countries in the Arab region and the Western States have be en witnessed (Liste, 2012). A number of countries in the Arab region have expelled the Syrian ambassadors as a sign of showing resentment against the political developments in the country. However, this has not presented any challenge to the Syrian political regime (Sharp Blanchard, 2013). It has been observed Syria does not heavily engage in foreign trade, thus it is not greatly affected by the sanctions that are imposed on it. This is one aspect of power that depicts the internal strength of Syria. However, Libya had a stronger internal economy resonating from the availability of large deposits of oil, but there was a direct intervention in the country by the United States when the political regime seemed to escalate its power on the country. What makes the difference between the political response that was witnessed in Libya in the year 2011 and the seemingly sluggish response by the United States and the international community in as far as the response to the political situati on in Libya is concerned. There was a resounding response by the international community led by the United States to the political situation in Libya, which saw the prevention of the bloodshed that loomed in the country (Chossudovsky, 2013). According to the political commentators, the foreign policy of the United States and its backing of the local forces were highly motivated by the prevalence of an open environment in the country. The open environment was presented by the fact that there was a lot of periphery support against the Libyan Regime from the Arab world. The ousted Libyan leader, Gadhafi has accumulated power to an extent that he posed a threat to the balance of power in the Arab League. The Arab League, therefore, has a reason to fully support the United States, making it easy for the United States to directly intervene in the political situation in Libya (Liste, 2012). United States is often associated with places that are rich in oil and the interest of the United St ates in a far as the case of Libya is concerned is quite elaborate. This can be likened to the case of neorealism that reiterates that power does not only rely on the military superiority, but also the ability of the state to advance growth in other realms like the economic growth and expansion. Oil is one of the major steering forces in economic growth and development of states, which in turn enhances the power of the state. The Libyan economy has often depended on oil mining and processing. The massive presence of oil in the country attracts a lot of attention of the external players in the country. Therefore, the United States had a quite aggressive policy when it came to the political situation in the country, which was guided by the personal interests rather than the interest of eliminating the political threats to the citizenry of Libya. The pursuance of its interests was highly supported by the favorable external support of a substantial number of players that were against th e political regime in Libya. The case that is presented in Libya is, however, different. There is less attention of the United States in Syria. Moreover, the country seems to be one of the protectorates of Russia and China and is strategic in as far as the advancement of the interest of Russia and China in the region is concerned (Sharp Blanchard, 2013). The enforcement of a no-fly-zone in Libya was one of the extensive strategies that enabled the NATO forces to pin down the forces of the late Gadhafi in the case of Libya. However, for the case of Libya the NATO has come out openly and claimed that it cannot use such a strategy in Syria without the backing by the Unite Nations. Russia and China, which are the greatest countries that pose a threat to the superiority and power of the United States in the region, have come out strongly to support the political regime in Syria. Russia and China are both worried about the possible intervention and the ousting of the authoritarian regime in the country are concerned. This justified the realist school of thought in international relations and the formulation of foreign policy (Sharp Blanchard, 2013). The theory opines that countries are merely guided by their interests when it comes to the advancement of relations with other states and the crafting of foreign policy goals. Syria was one of the main allies of the Soviet Union in the Middle East region. The same development has been taken up by Russia, which still considers Syria to be one of its key allies in the Middle East. Russia still directly engages with Syria. Russia supplies Syria with weapons, which is the reason why it supports the political regime of Syria. The continued existence of the current political regime is, therefore, paramount to the interests of Russia in the country. The removal of the regime in power could come with a substantial number of political changes, some of which may result in the weakening of the political tie between Russia and Syr ia. A close comparison can, therefore, be made between the prevailing political situation in Syria and the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina, where atrocities were being committed against the civilians in the country at the mere watch of the international community. Issues of power and interests played out strongly in determining the course of events in the cases of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the prevailing case of the political situation in Syria. A similar case was also witnessed in what turned out to be genocide in Rwanda (Liste, 2012). Liste (2012) observed that there are also other factors that determine the prevailing nature of response by the United States to the prevailing political situation in Syria. The issue of the nuclear developments in Iran has put the United States and Iran at loggerheads. The presence and participation of Iran in the political developments in Syria is, therefore, a strategic move that forces the United States to act with caution when advancing a milita ry course in the region. Iran allies with Russia and China to form a complex political bond in Syria, which poses a challenge to the pursuance of a political course by the United States in the region. There are other factors that are also coming out as the influences of the actions the United States in a far as the developments in Syria is concerned. One such issue is the geography of Syria compared to the geography of Libya. It is argued that most of the target regions in Libya lied along the Mediterranean coast, making it easy for the NATO forces to attack the regions from the sea. On the other hand, it is argued that the Syrian armies are well equipped and more coordinated, having received a lot of support and military equipment from Russia. This poses a challenge to the NATO forces that were used to intervene in Libya. Most of the countries that surround Syria also seem not to support the United States, unlike the case that was with Libya where most of the neighboring countries offered support to the United States. Iraq and Lebanon, which seem to be the strategic places where the United States can stage its military base are unstable and to a larger extent do not back the United States (Liste, 2012). Conclusion This research focuses on bringing out the factors that dictate the variation in the nature of political response of the United States in the political situation in Syria and the response to the 2011 political situation in Libya. The research has been founded on the application of theoretical developments, especially the theories of international relations in explaining the factors that dictate the foreign policy choices of the United States in the two political situations occurring in the same region. From the description and analysis of the issues that surround the foreign policy choices and responses of the United States in the two cases, several deductions can be made. It can be said that foreign policy goals and strategies are strongly shaped by the external environment rather than the internal or domestic forces. This is justified by the variation in the response of the United States in Syria and Libya. In the Case of Libya, the United States was highly supported by a supportive atmosphere in the external environment. The Arab League and most other countries neighboring Libya supported the United States course of action. The US was also supported by the strategic position of the Libyans, which made it easy to advance its military course. On the other hand, Syria presents a different situation altogether. There is no massive international support for the United States. There are also other equally strong players in the region, which necessitates a passive action by the United States. The second important deduction is that the interest of a state plays out strongly in setting the pace of determination in pursuing a course in the international system. The presence of massive deposits of oil is argued to be the main triggerin g factor in the response of the United States in the region. On the other hand, Syria does not present an economic attraction to the United States which is why the United States takes a cold approach to the political situation in the country. References Bandyopadhyaya, J. (2004). A general theory of foreign policy. New Delhi: Allied Publishers. Brown, M. E. (2000). America’s strategic choices. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Chossudovsky, M. (2013). â€Å"Operation Libya† and the battle for oil: Redrawing the map of Africa. Web. Duncan, W. R., Jancar-Webster, B., Switky, B. (2008). World politics in the 21st century: Student choice edition. Boston, MA: Mifflin Haecourt Publishing Company. Dunne, T. (2007). 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Armed conflict in Syria: U.S. and international response. Congressional Research Service. Web. Taliaferro, J. W. (2004). Balancing risks: Great power intervention in the periphery. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. This research paper on U.S. Foreign Policy Choices in the Cases of Syria and Libya was written and submitted by user Cuck00 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.